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The Jungle Book was published in 1893, and is actually a collection of seven short stories. The settings and characterizations are drawn from Kipling’s own experiences during his nineteenth-century travels around the British Empire, and include locations like India, Afghanistan and the Bering Sea. The stories all feature talking animals, and though geared toward children, are set with themes that easily reach audiences as well, including prejudice, hypocrisy and greed. These traits marked Kipling’s travels in the British colonies but are just as relevant today.Many of the stories center around a human child named Mowgli, who is adopted by a pack of wolves and raised as one of their own. Mowgli endures a variety of trials and tribulations as he grows up in an Indian jungle. He must learn the way of the jungle, and though he is accepted as a “wolf” by the jungle’s other animals, will eventually be faced with his own identity after coming into contact with other humans. Mowgli does not want to identify as a human because he is all too aware of what humans signify for the jungle: greed and destruction. Though the “rules” of the animal kingdom can prove savage or seemingly arbitrary, Mowgli understands that the jungle animals act according to their nature. Humans, however, are an enigma. Greed is not an inherent trait. As Mowgli faces his fears about humans, being kicked out of his wolf pack and confronting his sworn enemy, the tiger, he must come face to face with the fact that he is, despite his prejudices, human.The Mowgli stories in the collection are supplemented by stories about animals around the British Empire, though the stories often carry the same themes. These stories usually end with verse or song lyrics recited by the main character, thus summarizing the story. Because of their marked difference from the Mowgli stories, many publishers actually separate the collection into two different volumes. Though the Mowgli stories are perhaps the most well-known of the collection, especially as they have been made into movies on several occasions, the other stories feature likeable and popular characters, including the mongoose named Rikki-Tikki-Tavi.

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